Education Funding

Paying for a child's college education is an expensive proposition – but not an impossible one. With an appropriate strategy, you can go a long way to meeting this challenge whether your child is still in preschool or already in high school.

An Early Start

If your child is young, establishing a savings plan now can put time on your side. Consider alternatives to the traditional savings account.

Mutual Funds. Setting up a custodial account in your child's name funded with a mutual fund and making regular contributions to that account can help towards reaching your college funding goals.
Coverdell Education Savings Account (formerly Education IRAs). If you are eligible, you can contribute up to $2,000 a year to an Education Savings Account for each of your children or grandchildren under age 18. All withdrawals – including investment earnings – that are used to pay the child's qualified education expenses are income-tax free*. The $2,000 contribution limit is phased out with income between $95,000 and $110,000 (individuals) or between $190,000 and $220,000 (married couples filing jointly).
*The earnings portion of distributions that are used for non-qualified education expenses are subject to ordinary income tax, plus a 10% penalty.
Qualified Tuition Programs: Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code authorizes two types of tax-favored qualified tuition programs.
- Pre-paid Tuition Plans. Many states and individual colleges offer tuition prepayment plans. With these plans, you make a series of payments or pay a lump sum now for your child's education. In return, the plan guarantees that your investment will cover a specified amount or percentage of the child's expenses when he or she is ready to attend. Some plans lock in the cost of future education at today's prices. Both states and private educational institutions can create tax-favored plans. Before choosing this route, though, be sure to find out what will happen to your investment if your child doesn't attend the sponsoring college.
- Education Savings Plans. This is the more commonly used type of qualified tuition plan. Unlike pre-paid tuition accounts, only states may sponsor education savings accounts. State-sponsored accounts provide you with a way to invest for a child's college education that is federally income tax-free upon withdrawal. Any earnings generated will be federal (and possibly state) income tax-free as long as withdrawals are used for qualified higher education expenses. Any earnings withdrawn that are not used for qualified higher education expenses are subject to federal income tax and may be subject to a 10% additional federal tax, as well as applicable state and local income taxes. Section 529 plans are established by various states and offered to residents of all states. Depending on the laws of the customer's home state, favorable tax treatment may be limited to investments made in a Section 529 plan offered by the customer's home state. Therefore investing in a 529 plan outside your domicile state may deny you the opportunity to take advantage of favorable state tax treatment. Unlike pre-paid tuition plans, funds in these plans generally can be used for expenses at any qualified school nationwide. However, it is important to note that there is no guarantee that funds in an education savings account will be enough to cover the cost of tuition. If a contribution to a beneficiary's account, in one year, exceeds the $14,000 (in 2013) annual exclusion, you may elect to take the aggregate contribution into account ratably over five years beginning with the year of the contribution. Therefore, a maximum of $70,000 may be contributed free of gift tax under this election. If you die before the end of this five-year period, the contributions allocable to periods after death are included in your gross estate. Other than this exception, a 529 education savings plan should not be included in the donor's estate.

Never Too Late

The chart below provides an understanding of average undergraduate budgets for 2012–2013, which provides you a good overview of the many expenses involved in financing a child’s education. Sample Undergraduate Budgets (average), 2012– 2013

Sector	Tuition and Fees	Room and Board	Books and Supplies	Transportation	Other Expenses	Total Expenses*
Public Two-Year Commuter	$3,131	$7,419	$1,229	$1,648	$2,157	$15,584
Public Four-Year In-State On-Campus	$8,655	$9,205	$1,200	$1,110	$2,091	$22,261
Public Four-Year Out-of-State On-Campus	$21,706	$9,205	$1,200	$1,110	$2,091	$35,312
Private Nonprofit Four-Year On-Campus	$29,056	$10,462	$1,244	$957	$1,570	$43,289

NOTE: Expense categories are based on institutional budgets for students as reported by colleges and universities in the Annual Survey of Colleges. They do not necessarily reflect actual student expenditures.

SOURCE: The College Board, Annual Survey of Colleges. This table was prepared in October 2012.

If your child will be starting college within the next couple of years or has already started, there are still financing methods available for you to consider.

Financial Aid. Most schools have a limited pool of funds, so you should file financial aid forms as soon as possible. Generally, the school will calculate how much aid your child will receive based on your financial situation. Also, your child should apply for all available governmental or private grants and scholarships.

Loans. Your child's aid package may include loans from the federal or state government, the college or a commercial lender. The loan offers may vary considerably, depending on the program, so be sure to carefully check the interest rates and terms of each. Home equity loans, retirement plan withdrawals, and the cash value of your life insurance are other possible loan sources you might consider.